Identification
Despite its name, this turtle often has four toes on its hind feet, although
most have three. The Three-toed Box turtle has a fairly high domed carapace
that is variable in color; usually olive or horn colored, and may sometimes
be marked with a pattern. The skin is generally brownish and the head and forelimbs
often bear yellow or orangish spots. Males can have red heads. The plastron
of this turtle tan or brown in color, and is double hinged, making it possible
for them to fully retract into their shells.
Distribution and Status
This species ranges naturally from Missouri south to Alabama and Texas. Missouri
is the only Midwestern state that is home to the Three-toed Box Turtle. (US
distribution map; Midwest
distribution map).
Ecology
Three-toed Box Turtles migrate seasonally. In late spring and early fall they
live in grasslands, while in summer, early spring, and late fall they inhabit
forested areas. Preferring higher humidity than most box turtle species, this
turtle shifts habitats to live in areas with higher moisture.
Threats and Management Issues
Humans are the biggest threat to these turtles, killing many on highways, as
well as shipping them as part of the pet trade. Native Americans would often
eat or use this turtle in their ceremonies and medicines.
Resources
Ernst. C. H., J. E. Lovich and R. W. Barbour. 1994. Turtles of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Institution Press, USA.
General reference guides and websites.
Bruce Kingsbury, Director
Center for Reptile and Amphibian Conservation and Management
Science Building
Indiana-Purdue University
2101 East Coliseum Blvd.
Fort Wayne, IN 46805-1499